Step 1: Define the topic, or carefully consider the topic that has been assigned.

Step 2: Narrow the topic in order to narrow search parameters. Ask yourself, is there a specific focus? Am I considering a particular population, geographic region, or time frame?

Step 3: Gather background information using reference works such as dictionaries or encyclopedias, and other general sources. Understanding the background of a topic will help you define your topic further, and give you a grasp of the main issues, context, and terminology used in the field.

Step 4: Create a research question to help direct your search. Research questions are open-ended and layout the information you would like to find. You may also want to identify secondary questions that address the specifics of your paper.

Step 5: Develop a working thesis statement once you have answered your main research question. A working thesis statement is a single sentence that lays out your main points and purpose of the paper, and provides the reader with a preview of the essay.

Step 6: Find and evaluate sources that support your argument. Try to find sources that are credible and fit your information need. (See Evaluate Sources)

Step 7: Cite sources as you go. Zotero is an excellent tool for managing your sources as you find them to help build your bibliography and avoid unintentional plagiarism.

Step 8: Write (and rewrite!) the paper, and schedule an appointment with the Writing Center for additional support with organizing and writing your paper.

Adapted from Lumen Learning