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AI in the Classroom

This guide covers artificial intelligence in the classroom, including how to incorporate AI into assignments and academic honesty issues that may arise from students' use of AI tools.

AI-Proof Assignments

Many traditional assessment strategies, such as papers and online essay exams, are particularly easy to outsource with generative AI. However, below are several strategies you can use to mitigate the risk that students will fully outsource their work.

Alternatively, you can also create assessments that intentionally use AI. See AI Assignment Examples for ideas.

You may also want to add specific language to your syllabus indicating that using a chatbot in your course will be considered cheating and/or plagiarism.

Strategies

Move away from the five-paragrah essay format. Gen AI can follow this format easily. Encourage your students' originality by moving away from this formulaic format.

Tip: If you want to stick with the five-paragraph essay, test out your prompt on an advanced AI tool like ChatGPT. Greene (2022) writes, "If it can come up with an essay that you would consider a good piece of work, then that prompt should be refined, reworked, or simply scrapped... if you have come up with an assignment that can be satisfactorily completed by computer software, why bother assigning it to a human being?"


Sticking with essays? Warner (2022) suggests focusing on process rather than product. Scaffolding learning and allowing students to explain their thinking and make learning visible along the way are strategies that may help you confirm student originality. Warner's philosophy aligns with that at Butler University: "I talk to the students, one-on-one about themselves, about their work. If we assume students want to learn - and I do - we should show our interest in their learning, rather than their performance."

In the short-term, you can have your students write essays in class and on paper. 

This isn't a good long-term solution for a few reasons:

  • For longer research papers, students will have access to chatbots outside of class.
  • Students may need to use online resources for their writing.
  • You won't be able to use the LMS feedback tools for annotation, rubric scoring, and grading.

Note: Some students may have accommodations to type their work rather than handwrite it. Make sure to follow student accommodations when assigning work. 


Idea from Ditch That Textbook

Using collaborative activities and discussions is one strategy to mitigate the use of gen AI responses in your class. While students may generate ideas from an AI tool, they will need to discuss with one another whether they want to use the tool's responses, if they fit the prompt, and if they are factually accurate.

Activities to try include:


Idea from Ditch That Textbook

Engage your students in meaning-making activities to demonstrate their learning.

Consider low-tech activities like:

Consider technology-infused activities like:

 

* Note that an AI tool can provide an outline for these activities.


Idea from Ditch That Textbook

Brain dumps are an ungraded recall strategy. The practice involves pausing a lecture and asking students to write everything they can recall about a specific topic. Read more at:

 


Idea from Ditch That Textbook

During or after writing, students explain their process or thinking. Students could:

  • Use Comments in Word or Google Docs;
  • Create a video explaining their change history on a Google Doc;
  • Use Track Changes to show their revisions.

Ideas were inspired by Watkins (2022).

Consider using planned or impromptu oral exams. You may consider including phrasing in your syllabus about conducting oral exams if you suspect plagiarism through the use of a chatbot.


Idea from Darren Hudson Hick (2022).

When selecting readings, consider sourcing more obscure texts for your students to read. AI may have less information in their training data on obscure texts. As an example, the New York Times reports that, "Frederick Luis Aldama, the humanities chair at the University of Texas at Austin, said he planned to teach newer or more niche texts that ChatGPT might have less information about, such as William Shakespeare’s early sonnets instead of 'A Midsummer Night’s Dream'" (Huang, 2023). 

Contact a Wabash librarian for help sourcing new content.

(Note that ChatGPT is currently trained on data through 2021. Some educators suggest using newer writings and research, but this strategy isn't foolproof since the training models for chatbots are updated frequently.)

Coordinate times to take your class to conduct field observations; students can note their observations and write a reflection about their experience.


Idea from Kelley (2023)

Detecting Work Produced by AI

Can Turnitin detect AI-written essays?

Currently Turnitin cannot detect content written by AI. Watch the video below for an example of Turnitin scores against 20 Chat GPT essay with the same prompt.

 

What AI detection tools can I use as an instructor?

Although some AI detection tools exist, we do not currently recommend using these. Current AI detection tools have a low rate of accuracy and produce false positives, especially for content written by non-native English writers. Instead, we recommend using the above strategies to mitigate the risks that students will outsource their work to AI or incorporate AI activities in your teaching.

 

References

References

Aaronson, S. (2022, November 28). My AI safety lecture for UT Effective Altruism. Shtetl-Optimized: The blog of Scott Aaronson. Retrieved on January 11, 2023, from https://scottaaronson.blog/?p=6823

Bowman, E. (2023, January 9). A college student created an app that can tell whether AI wrote an essay. NPR. Retrieved on January 10, 2023, from https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147549845/gptzero-ai-chatgpt-edward-tian-plagiarism

Caren, C. (2022, December 15). AI writing: The challenge and opportunity in front of education now. Turnitin. Retrieved on January 10, 2023, from https://www.turnitin.com/blog/ai-writing-the-challenge-and-opportunity-in-front-of-education-now

Chechitelli, A. (2023, January 13). Sneak preview of Turnitin’s AI writing and ChatGPT detection capability. Turnitin. Retrieved on January 17, 2023, from https://www.turnitin.com/blog/sneak-preview-of-turnitins-ai-writing-and-chatgpt-detection-capability

Ditch That Textbook. (2022, December 17). ChatGPT, chatbots and artificial intelligence in education. Retrieved on January 6, 2023, from https://ditchthattextbook.com/ai/

Hick, D.H. (2022, December 15). Today, I turned in the first plagiarist I’ve caught using A.I. software to write her work [Facebook post]. Facebook. Retrieved on January 10, 2023, from https://www.facebook.com/title17/posts/pfbid0D8i4GuCUJeRsDJjM1JJtfkDYDMCb7Y7RdK2EoyVhRuctg9z2fhvpo1bB2WAxGBzcl

Huang, K. (2023, January 16). Alarmed by A.I. chatbots, universities start revamping how they teach. The New York Times. Retrieved on January 17, 2023, from https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/16/technology/chatgpt-artificial-intelligence-universities.html

Greene, P. (2022, December 11). No, ChatGPT is not the end of high school english. But here’s the useful tool it offers teachers. Forbes. Retrieved on January 9, 2023, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/petergreene/2022/12/11/no-chatgpt-is-not-the-end-of-high-school-english-but-heres-the-useful-tool-it-offers-teachers

Kelley, K.J. (2023, January 19). Teaching Actual Student Writing in an AI World. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved on January 19, 2023, from https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2023/01/19/ways-prevent-students-using-ai-tools-their-classes-opinion

Warner, J. (2022, December 11). ChatGPT can't kill anything worth preserving: If an algorithm is the death of high school English, maybe that's an okay thing. The Biblioracle Recommends. Retrieved on January 11, 2023, from https://biblioracle.substack.com/p/chatgpt-cant-kill-anything-worth

Watkins, R. (2022, December 18). Update your course syllabus for chatGPT. Medium. Retrieved on January 6, 2023, from https://medium.com/@rwatkins_7167/updating-your-course-syllabus-for-chatgpt-965f4b57b003

Wiggers, K. (2022, Decemer 10). OpenAI’s attempts to watermark AI text hit limits. TechCrunch. Retrieved on January 10, 2023, from https://techcrunch.com/2022/12/10/openais-attempts-to-watermark-ai-text-hit-limits/

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